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The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Game of Logic, by Lewis Carroll
(#6 in our series by Lewis Carroll)
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**Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts**
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Title: The Game of Logic
Author: Lewis Carroll
Release Date: December, 2003 [EBook #4763]
[Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule]
[This file was first posted on March 13, 2002]
[Date last updated: May 10, 2004]
Edition: 10
Language: English
Character set encoding: ASCII
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK, THE GAME OF LOGIC ***
Scanned by Gregory D. Weeks
Transcribed by L. Lynn Smith
Proofed by Reina Hosier and Brett Fishburne
THE GAME OF LOGIC
By Lewis Carroll
---------------------
|9 | 10|
| | |
| -----x------ |
| |11 | 12| |
| | | | |
|---y-----m------y'---|
| | | | |
| |13 | 14| |
| -----x'----- |
| | |
|15 | 16|
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COLOURS FOR -------------
COUNTERS |5 | 6|
___ | x |
| | |
See the Sun is overhead, |--y-------y'-|
Shining on us, FULL and | | |
RED! | x' |
|7 | 8|
Now the Sun is gone away, -------------
And the EMPTY sky is
GREY!
___
THE GAME OF LOGIC
By Lewis Carrol
To my Child-friend.
I charm in vain; for never again,
All keenly as my glance I bend,
Will Memory, goddess coy,
Embody for my joy
Departed days, nor let me gaze
On thee, my fairy friend!
Yet could thy face, in mystic grace,
A moment smile on me, 'twould send
Far-darting rays of light
From Heaven athwart the night,
By which to read in very deed
Thy spirit, sweetest friend!
So may the stream of Life's long dream
Flow gently onward to its end,
With many a floweret gay,
Adown its willowy way:
May no sigh vex, no care perplex,
My loving little friend!
NOTA BENE.
With each copy of this Book is given an Envelope, containing a
Diagram (similar to the frontispiece) on card, and nine Counters,
four red and five grey.
The Envelope, &c. can be had separately, at 3d. each.
The Author will be very grateful for suggestions, especially from
beginners in Logic, of any alterations, or further explanations,
that may seem desirable. Letters should be addressed to him at
"29, Bedford Street, Covent Garden, London."
PREFACE
"There foam'd rebellious Logic, gagg'd and bound."
This Game requires nine Counters--four of one colour and five of
another: say four red and five grey.
Besides the nine Counters, it also requires one Player, AT LEAST.
I am not aware of any Game that can be played with LESS than this
number: while there are several that require MORE: take Cricket,
for instance, which requires twenty-two. How much easier it is,
when you want to play a Game, to find ONE Player than twenty-two.
At the same time, though one Player is enough, a good deal more
amusement may be got by two working at it together, and correcting
each other's mistakes.
A second advantage, possessed by this Game, is that, besides being
an endless source of amusement (the number of arguments, that may
be worked by it, being infinite), it will give the Players a little
instruction as well. But is there any great harm in THAT, so long
as you get plenty of amusement?
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER PAGE
I. NEW LAMPS FOR OLD.
1. Propositions . . . . . . . 1
2. Syllogisms . . . . . . . . 20
3. Fallacies . . . . . . . . 32
II. CROSS QUESTIONS.
1. Elementary . . . . . . . . 37
2. Half of Smaller Diagram. Propositions
to be represented . . . . . 40
3. Do. Symbols to be interpreted. . 42
4. Smaller Diagram. Propositions to be
represented . . . . . . . 44
5. Do. Symbols to be interpreted. . 46
6. Larger Diagram. Propositions to be
represented . . . . . . . 48
7. Both Diagrams to be employed . . 51
III. CROOKED ANSWERS.
1. Elementary . . . . . . . . 55
2. Half of Smaller Diagram. Propositions
represented . . . . . . . 59
3. Do. Symbols interpreted . . . 61
4. Smaller Diagram. Propositions represented. 62
5. Do. Symbols interpreted . . . 65
6. Larger Diagram. Propositions represented. 67
7. Both Diagrams employed . . . . 72
IV. HIT OR MISS . . . . . . . . . 85
CHAPTER I.
NEW LAMPS FOR OLD.
"Light come, light go."
_________
1. Propositions.
"Some new Cakes are nice."
"No new Cakes are nice."
"All new cakes are nice."
There are three 'PROPOSITIONS' for you--the only three kinds we
are going to use in this Game: and the first thing to be done is
to learn how to express them on the Board.
Let us begin with
"Some new Cakes are nice."
But before doing so, a remark has to be made--one that is rather
important, and by no means easy to understand all in a moment: so
please to read this VERY carefully.
The world contains many THINGS (such as "Buns", "Babies", "Beetles".
"Battledores". &c.); and these Things possess many ATTRIBUTES
(such as "baked", "beautiful", "black", "broken", &c.: in fact,
whatever can be "attributed to", that is "said to belong to", any
Thing, is an Attribute). Whenever we wish to mention a Thing, we
use a SUBSTANTIVE: when we wish to mention an Attribute, we use
an ADJECTIVE. People have asked the question "Can a Thing exist
without any Attributes belonging to it?" It is a very puzzling
question, and I'm not going to try to answer it: let us turn up
our noses, and treat it with contemptuous silence, as if it really
wasn't worth noticing. But, if they put it the other way, and ask
"Can an Attribute exist without any Thing for it to belong to?", we
may say at once "No: no more than a Baby could go a railway-journey
with no one to take care of it!" You never saw "beautiful" floating
about in the air, or littered about on the floor, without any Thing
to BE beautiful, now did you?
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